What is a BIC/SWIFT code?
The BIC (Bank Identifier Code), also known as SWIFT code, SWIFT-BIC or BIC code, is an internationally standardized identifier for banks and financial institutions worldwide. It was developed by SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) and enables the unambiguous identification of banks in international payments.
Unlike the IBAN, which identifies a specific bank account, the BIC refers to the bank itself. For international transfers outside the SEPA area the BIC is required alongside the IBAN so that the money reaches the correct bank.
Structure of a BIC code
A BIC consists of 8 or 11 alphanumeric characters with a systematic structure:
- 1-4 Bank codeFour letters uniquely identifying the bank (e.g. COBA for Commerzbank, DEUT for Deutsche Bank, GENO for cooperative banks)
- 5-6 Country codeTwo letters according to ISO 3166-1 (e.g. DE for Germany, AT for Austria, CH for Switzerland)
- 7-8 Location codeTwo alphanumeric characters for the bank's location (e.g. FF for Frankfurt, MM for Munich)
- 9-11 Branch codeOptional three alphanumeric characters for the branch. "XXX" or omitting them denotes the head office.
8-character vs 11-character BIC
A BIC can have 8 or 11 characters. The difference lies in the optional branch code:
8 characters – identifies the bank (head office), e.g. COBADEFF
11 characters – identifies a specific branch, e.g. COBADEFFXXX (XXX = head office) or COBADEFF370 (branch Cologne)
For most transfers the 8-character BIC is sufficient. When the BIC has 11 characters ending with "XXX", the XXX can be omitted - both variants are equivalent.